Live Commentary on the Night

ESC 2024 Grand Final Live Notes

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Hello Dear Readers!

HAPPY EUROVISION!! Once again, it is the greatest day of the year – the ESC Grand Final is upon us! Despite a lot of unpleasantness, disqualifications, and threats of withdrawal, the show must go on. In an effort to not repeat what has already been said a thousand times around the internet, we’ll just move on. There are 25 songs competing tonight. For those who read my second semi-final live notes, you know that my prediction for our winner is Switzerland. With the shift in context and the dropping of the Netherlands, my prediction for the rest of the Top Ten has shifted. My pre-show prediction for the Top Ten: (in no particular order):

  • Switzerland

  • Greece

  • Israel

  • Croatia

  • Norway

  • United Kingdom

  • Luxembourg

  • Italy

  • Ukraine

  • Ireland

The flag parade was nice and the hosts are dressed well! Not too much else to add.

01 SwedenUnforgettable performed by Marcus & Martinus

The sweet Norwegian twins. This looks great but doesn’t sound as good as on Tuesday. I cannot think of the last time we’ve had a host country lead off the running order. But I like it – immediately there’s a powerful injection of energy in the crowd. And there’s no way this will win, so no worries there, either.

02 UkraineTeresa & Maria performed by alyona alyona & Jerry Heil

One of my favorites this year and my original winner pick until I saw that it was slotted for the position of death (no country has ever won from the second slot in the running order). Once again, this song is amazing. The staging is powerful. And the performance is flawless.

03 GermanyAlways on the Run performed by Aksel

I like this song and rate it highly amongst the competition. Sadly, I think it will fall toward the bottom tonight. He sounds great and the staging fits the song well. It’s a good song. Just – lots of other more captivating things out there this year. But Aksel and the whole German delegation should be incredibly proud of themselves.

04 LuxembourgFighter performed by TALI

Luxembourg’s triumphant return to the Grand Final after 31 years. Still not quite sure how this very average song qualified, but happy for the Contest that it did. Like Italy in 2011, I think we’ll see a high jury score for it that buoys it high.

06 IsraelHurricane performed by Eden Golan

In case you’re wondering – they have employed anti-booing technology (audience mics turned off, cheers inserted) since 2015 (then it was for Russia), so, I would not trust the audience noise for this entry. This song is so good! And she hit all her notes tonight. Just so very, very good! Conspiracy theorists think this will win. I’m not convinced, but it would be a well-deserved Top Ten finish.

07 LithuaniaLuktelk performed by Silverster Belt

This is one of my faves. And, while I thought his performance on Tuesday lacked the required edge, he has definitely turned things up a few notches tonight. This will likely finish mid-table (12-20). Also, fun note, I think this is the first time all three Baltic nations have been in the Grand Final since 2015.

Love the odes to past Contests. And honoring Carin Falck and Sweden’s first time hosting.
Petra really is a great host.
Also – can we stop with the voting at the beginning of the show. Yuck!

08 SpainZORRA performed by Nebulossa

Time for Eurovision’s sexy aunt: Nebulossa! In case you’re wondering – the fans from Spain tend to be incredibly loud and enthusiastic. You can hear them singing along. I really like her outfit and think she’s one of the best dressed performers tonight. Meanwhile, I think her dancers could have been dressed better. It’s a fun song about not caring what the world thinks, especially when they tell you how to live your life. You’re damned if you do and damned if you don’t, so just do want you want! So is the message of the song. I think it won’t do as well as it should but it’s a tough competition. I’m expecting a finish in the 20s.

09 Estonia(Nendest) Narkootikumidest ei Tea Me (Küll) Midagi performed by 5Miinust x Puuluup

A song decrying the fact that the rich can break the laws and do what they want while the average person cannot even have a little “fun” without scrutiny. They sound a lot better than on Thursday. So much energy! Allegedly, they threatened to withdraw over the Netherlands’ disqualification. And then they likely realized that they were one of the biggest beneficiaries. And here they are – nailing their notes, hitting their marks, killing the choreography.

10 IrelandDoomsday Blue performed by Bambie Thug

Another act that threatened to withdraw; Ireland went as far as refusing to rehearse today. They sound even better than they did on Tuesday. Still not a fan of allowing occult practices on stage; seems like a major violation of the “no religious stuff” rule. Purely examining this as a song, it was performed well and the staging is amazing. It will most definitely be in the Top Ten; Ireland’s first since 2012.

11 LatviaHollow performed by Dons

He’s sounds amazing. Doesn’t change the fact that this is a mediocre song. It was fine, will likely be towards the bottom of the scoreboard tonight.

12 Greece: ZARI performed by Marina Satti

This song and staging is most definitely chaotic good. You may not know, but it’s actually quite difficult to sing while lying down. This song is amazing and may even push for the crown. I cannot see a world where this is not at least Top Ten.

13 United KingdomDizzy performed by Olly Alexander

A boy who knows it’s difficult to do well when repping the UK has gone all out with patriotism – love the GIANT flag from the parade and postcard. This is my favorite song this year. While I think the staging is a bit too risqué for my taste, it’s most definitely innovative and elevates the song. I see why this is high in the betting odds. I don’t think it will win but it will definitely be Top Ten.

Lynda Woodruff is back! Hooray!! She’s a British-Swede singer Sarah Dawn Finer. I love her little song dedicated to the Executive Supervisors.

14 Norway: Ulveham performed by Gåte

Wonderful as always! But not quite as powerful as on Thursday. It also is a bit buried here in the middle of the show. Though, quite a few have done well from this spot in the running order. We’ll see.

15 ItalyLa Noia performed by Angelina Mango

Looks and sounds amazing. Lots of acts have really turned up the heat tonight. This new black dress is a major improvement. An easy Top Ten song, I think.

16 SerbiaRamonda performed by Teya Dora

She needs a flawless performance that is even better than Tuesday if she wants any shot of standing out and doing well. Not sure this is going to cut it. My guess is that this will finish low teens. It’s beautiful and powerful, just not overly interesting.

17 FinlandNo Rules! performed by Windows95Man

The other big beneficiary of Netherlands’ DQ. This is the best this song has sounded, including the studio version. Still do not understand the appeal of this. It’s just obnoxious and annoying and generic. Of course, it could even win the televote, but the juries will kill it. Expect a 8-12th place finish.

18 PortugalGrito performed by Ioland

Finland, perhaps the most fun we’re going to have tonight (maybe that title goes to Armenia) is sandwiched between the most serious songs we have this year. I’ve always loved this song and thought it was super powerful. I’m not sure it will be able to rise above the fray, but I think it will have a respectable finish between 11th and 15th. It’s just so moving.

19 ArmeniaJako performed by Ladaniva

This needed way more energy than it brought on Thursday to succeed. It’s only about 50% more energy. I still think it will do okay, but I’m less confident than I was before. Overall, it was a great performance of a fun song.

20 CyprusLiar performed by Silia Kapsis

This was well-performed on Tuesday. This is even better! Still not a great song, but the performance and staging definitely elevate it. Into the Top Ten? No. But clear out of danger of last.

21 SwitzerlandThe Code performed by Nemo

My assumption is that The Code won the jury vote last night. We know that the song is high quality and the staging is stunning. Which means Nemo needs only to give an amazing performance and finish top three/four in the voting in order to win. Their voice: flawless. Their dance moves: precise.

Yeah, I think we just saw our winner.

–Another wonderful tribute to some historic Contest entries, nice!
Hahaha, ESC rune stones. Wonderful!–

22 SloveniaVeronika performed by Raiven

This song is haunting and creepy. I’m still not quite sure what to make of it. I know it is at the bottom of the betting odds, but I cannot shake the suspicion that it will sneak into the Top Ten with this performance. It’s just so dramatic and epic.

23 CroatiaRim Tim Tagi Dim performed by Baby Lasagna

The betting odds favorite. Let’s see how he does. I think, in a normal year, this would easily win the televote, but it needs to be a flawless for it to rise above the fray, I think. Much like Italy 2021, this performance needs to take ownership of the event – make it just seem like a Baby Lasagna concert. It came close. It will do well…not sure it was good enough to win, though. Top Five, for sure, though!

24 GeorgiaFirefighter performed by Nutsa Buzaladze

I think Nutsa Buzaladze utterly blew this out of the park. She just crushed it. I do not think she could have been even an ounce better. Unfortunately, coming between two of the top songs in the betting odds just makes her entry seem weaker by comparison. Unfortunately, I think it will simply be forgotten by juries and televoters.

25 FranceMon Amour performed by Slimane

A very divisive staging. I think the staging of the song is perfect: understated, elegant, meaningful. His vocals were stellar and the a capella part when he steps back from the microphone: WOW! Just WOW!  Absolutely stunning!

26 AustriaWe Will Rave performed by Kaleen

A new gay anthem? Maybe in certain clubs. A Eurovision winner? Not a chance. It was definitely much better than in the semi-final, though, by worlds. Good luck to Austria but this will not do much to impact the scoreboard.

So, based solely on tonight’s performances, how do I rate our 25 songs? Oof. That’s a hard choice.

25 Finland
24 Latvia
23 Georgia
22 Austria
21 Luxembourg
20 Cyprus
19 Sweden
18 Ireland
17 Spain
16 Armenia
15 Croatia
14 Germany
13 Serbia
12 Italy
11 France
10 Slovenia
9 Estonia
8 Israel
7 Lithuania
6 Portugal
5 United Kingdom
4 Greece
3 Ukraine
2 Norway
1 Switzerland

My prediction for the Top Ten. After much consideration, I think these will be out Top Ten:
Ireland, Switzerland (jury winner prediction), Croatia, Ukraine, Italy, Israel, Luxembourg, UK, Finland (televote winner prediction), and Norway.

Switzerland remains my winner pick!

Watch me on Instagram Live with Mediterranean Girls in Music: https://www.instagram.com/mediterraneangirlsinmusic/

12 points from Ukraine to… Switzerland! That’s a bellwether for the rest of the night

12 points from the UK to… Portugal!! Nice! (Only 7 to Ireland?)

12 points from Luxembourg…three decades in the making…go to… Switzerland!

12 points from Azerbaijan to… Switzerland!

12 points from San Marino to… Switzerland (10 for Italy)

12 points from Malta to… Switzerland. It’s still early, but it’s looking good for the Swiss

12 points from Croatia to… Portugal! Hooray for juries. 10 to Slovenia, only 3 to Serbia

12 points from Albania to…Switzerland!

12 points from Czechia to… Ukraine! Their first 12 of the night

Lots of boos for Israel

12 points from Israel to… Luxembourg! Their first 12 in over 31 years, haha

12 points from Australia to Ireland (only 4 for the UK – first points on the night, by the way)

12 points from Denmark to… Switzerland! (I cannot believe they blanked Norway)

12 points from Spain to… Switzerland! (only 3 to Portugal! 1 to Italy!)

Calling it now, Switzerland won the juries

12 points from Norway to… Switzerland (only 3 to neighbors Sweden)

12 points from Germany to… Sweden! (Ireland is completely blanked)

12 points from Armenia to… France!

12 points from Slovenia to… France!

12 points from Georgia to… Switzerland!

12 points from Switzerland to… Greece? How unexpected

12 points from Greece to… ! only 10 points to Cyprus?? … 12 points to Switzerland! Yeah, how big a lead did the Swiss win the jury with

12 points from Estonia to… Switzerland! (NO points to buddy Finland!)

12 points from Netherlands to… Switzerland!

12 points from Austria to… Switzerland! (nothing to Germany or Luxembourg!)

12 points from France to… good friends Portugal!

12 points from Italy to… Switzerland!

12 points from Finland to… Switzerland! (And they return the favor, zero points to Estonia)

12 points from Portugal to… Switzerland (WOW! zero to Spain and to France!)

12 points from Belgium to… France! (no surprise there)

12 points from Iceland to… France! (shocked that Norway got blanked) (the lead has been narrowed to 93)

12 points from Latvia to… Switzerland! (and Switzerland is over 300)

12 points from Ireland to… Switzerland (ONLY 4 TO THE UK!!)

12 points from Cyprus to… CROATIA! (ONLY 4 POINTS TO GREECE – what has the world come to?!)

12 points from Lithuania to… Switzerland!

12 points from Serbia to… Croatia!

12 points from Sweden to… Switzerland (NOTHING FOR NORWAY?)!

Officially the Jury winner – with 365 points. Next is France with 218 (a difference of 147) then Croatia with 210 (155 fewer)

Here come the televote points

Poor Estonia, only 33 points

Only 31 to Finland!

Only 4 to NORWAY!

Slovenia gets 12 points, ouch!

Georgia gets 19 points

Austria receives 5 points

Only 11 to Spain

32 points to Serbia

Lithuania gets 58 points

44 points to Cyprus

28 points for Latvia

85 points to Greece! Biggest thus far. But I’d be interested to see who gets all these missing televote points

How was the UK blanked?? ZERO POINTS?? Really?!

323 points for Israel, it is now in the lead by 10 points

20 points for Luxembourg

18 for Germany

Armenia has earned 82 points

49 points to Sweden

13 points to Portugal (still enough to guarantee a Top Ten finish)

136 to Ireland

307 points to Ukraine!! –more than enough to take the lead. 88 points over Switzerland

104 points to Italy

Croatia receives… 337 points! Wowza — enough for the lead? Yup: 547, Switzerland will need 183 points at least

France will receive… 227 points! Wow — guess I was right, that was amazing staging

And…finally… Switzerland… the jury winner needs 183 points to win (it would lose the tie-break)…The Code gets…from the televote…225 points!! WHOA!

This is Switzerland’s third win (1956, 1988). Nemo becomes the first (out) non-binary performing artist to present a winning song, and just the second (out) gender minority (Israel 1998). The Code becomes only the second song with rap with win (Ukraine 2021). Switzerland moves to a tie with Norway for having three wins. Norway reclaims the record for most last places (now at 12).

I don’t appreciate wearing a crown of thorns – they’re not Jesus. Let’s hope it’s meant to just be a humble crown of victory – like, instead of laurels, twigs. OOP! Nemo broke the trophy 😆 And HEY! they kept the show under four hours!

Congratulations to a well-deserved winner! See you next year in Switzerland!

Swiss flag map

Switzerland
The Code

Performed by: Nemo
Lyricists & Composers: Benjamin Alasu, Lasse Midtsian Nymann, Linda Dale, and Nemo Mettler


ESC 2024 Second Semi-Final Live Notes

ESC 2024 Logo

Hello Dear Readers!

Eurovision Week continues with the Second Semi-Final. Once again, I bring you my live notes – thoughts presented as I think them as I watch the show. Tuesday’s show was tremendous (including my 9 out of 10 record for predicting qualifiers). Tonight presents an even tighter bunch of songs. It’s nearly impossible to predict who will qualify but, heading into the show, I would guess:

Switzerland, Norway, Belgium, Malta, Armenia, Netherlands, Greece, San Marino, Georgia, Estonia

Let’s see how many of these stay in my prediction after their performances tonight.

Let’s begin!

Hahaha love this bit with the hosts singing Tattoo. And I LOVE Petra’s dress.

01 Malta: Loop performed by Sarah Bonnici

I love her outfit! Wow – the choreography is stunning. I always thought this song had what it takes to qualify, but this is truly destroying the odds’ low prediction of it. Yeah, this is sailing through to the Final.

02 Albania: Titan performed by Besa

Another pretty dress! The camerawork is really great. And I like the use of the screens here. The song is still fairly meh. Her vocals got stronger as the song went on, but still not as stunning as they would need to be to get this through to the Final.

03 Greece: ZARI performed by Marina Satti

This is like the little girl version of Malta’s grown woman. Still fantastic with great choreography. Still a shoo-in for the Final. But there’s definitely an immaturity about it that makes me think it’s not the winner contender I thought it could be.

04 Switzerland: The Code performed by Nemo

This is as strong a performance as I assumed it would be. Nemo is still adorable and a powerhouse singer. The Swiss have remembered how to stage their entries well. As good as this performance was and as much as I thought this staging elevated the song and as popular as this song is – I can still see why it fell in the betting odds to second. It’s just not as dynamic as Rim Tim Tagi Dim. Though, it will have a distinct advantage with the juries. But if Nemo is able to match or exceed this performance on Saturday, I think Switzerland will most definitely be taking home its third trophy.

05 Czechia: Pedestal performed by Aiko

I really like starting with the moving screens so low. It brings the focus in and really highlights Aiko. Additionally, she sounds the best I’ve heard her in a live performance. WOW! I have been doubting this song, but that was an amazing performance. I really think Czechia may have just earned their way into the Final.

Awww, love this tribute to Jahn Teigen. A true Norwegian hero and legend of the Contest.

Always enjoy a tribute to last place songs.  Denmark 2002 is one of my favorite songs! And of course Petra Mede had to throw in an unnecessary gay joke.

We’ve also heard songs about peace, about domestic abuse, about claiming one’s identity, and fighting for freedom. Back to the songs.

AQ France: Mon Amour performed by Slimane

So, the linen outfit and white lights are meant to emulate waking up in bed with your love. Say what you want about the sappy song and stylings, Slimane knows how to work a camera. He’s a fantastic singer. And the song sounds better live than in studio. Still do not understand how this is in the top ten of the betting odds.

06 Austria: We Will Rave performed by Kaleen

I appreciate that she’s supposed to be this sexy disco ball, but I’m not sure this song is landing with the impact it’s supposed, especially compared to Malta or Greece. It was fine but not, like, amazing.

07 Denmark: SAND performed by SABA

Where’s the sand artist from Ukraine 2011 (and later, Moldova 2019) for this song? Oof, she’s mistiming the animations with the backing screen. Unlike Czechia, this song’s performance actually lowered the song. It’s less impressive for having been presented here, sadly.

08 Armenia: Jako performed by Ladaniva

This is somehow less colorful and dizzying than I was expecting. That was fun but not amazing. Well-performed, though.

09 Latvia: Hollow performed by Dons

I know that’s the same outfit from the music video, but it’s still startling to see him wear that thing. I think this song was performed and staged at the absolute best that it could be. Still, not that great.

AQ Spain: ZORRA performed by Nebulossa

I love that the oldest performer is the one singing the song about being a sexbomb. You can really hear the Spanish fans throughout the whole song. Nebulossa is having a lot of fun! I never understood, why have sexy guys just to have them dance like women – just hire sexy ladies! Anyway, this song is good fun and it will likely do well on Saturday.

10 San Marino: 11:11 performed by Megara

Smart – get the Spanish fans’ attention with Spain and then launch into the Spanish-language Sammarinese entry performed by a Spanish rock band. I like that this is a better version of the national final staging. I don’t know. Part of me thinks this was strong enough and that San Marino should have enough support to qualify. The other part of me thinks that it was just a little too messy. The good news for them is that SM tends to do better with the televote than the juries.

11 Georgia: Firefighter performed by Nutsa Buzaladze

This staging is a high-budget version of the music video. The mid-song dance break had a lot of fire, but the rest of the song lacked it. It really needed many, many more flames. But, overall, it was good.

12 Belgium: Before the Party’s Over performed by Mustii

Funny, the postcard had two Walloon entries even though it is the Flemish broadcaster’s job to present the entry this year. Oh wow! Mustii is a lot hotter than I realized! Now, this song started dropping in the odds once the rehearsals began, but I don’t know why. I quite like this song. BUT that was a deeply disappointing performance and staging. Now I know why it fell in the odds and, honestly, I don’t think it’s going to qualify.

13 Estonia: (Nendest) Narkootikumidest ei Tea Me (Küll) Midagi performed by 5Miinust x Puuluup

This is just as insane and off-the-wall as I thought it was going to be. That was so much fun – just three minutes of amazing nonsense. I loved it!

AQ Italy: La Noia performed by Angelina Mango

This looks and sounds great! Italian acts have a history of phoning it in for non-competitive performances. So, I imagine this will be even better – a thousand times better – on Saturday. The bigger question, will she turn it on full power for the jury show on Friday.

14 Israel: Hurricane performed by Eden Golan

Either those are polite claps or they have the anti-boo technology turned to full power. Politics aside – this is a tremendous song and this staging is amazing. Her vocals could definitely be stronger, but I imagine that she’s incredibly nervous. Politics applied – this has no shot of qualifying. She got the crowd to cheer strongly for her – which is a win for itself.

15 Norway: Ulveham performed by Gåte

This was so mesmerizing and stunning. Just utterly fantastic. It has to qualify and just may push into the top five on Saturday. That was spellbinding!

16 The Netherlands: Europapa performed by Joost Klein

He’s added on an outro dedicating the song to his father. It seems unnecessary, but let’s see how it sounds. So, that was a beautiful mess. I think it was everything Joost Klein wanted it to be and more. It will definitely move through, I think, but won’t do much on Saturday.

Okay, so based solely on tonight, how do I rate the songs?

19 Denmark

18 Albania

17 Belgium

16 Austria

15 Israel

14 Spain

13 Latvia

12 San Marino

11 Netherlands

10 Georgia

9 France

8 Armenia

7 Czechia

6 Greece

5 Italy

4 Estonia

3 Malta

2 Switzerland

1 Norway

So, who do I think will qualify? In no particular order

  • Switzerland

  • Norway

  • Greece

  • Malta

  • Czechia

  • Estonia

  • Netherlands

  • San Marino

  • Armenia

  • Georgia

I’m least confident about Georgia. I ultimately gave that the edge over Albania but we’ll see.

Let’s see how I did

Our finalists are:

  • Latvia (WHOA!) (0 correct out of 1)

  • Austria (HUH??) (0 for 2)

  • Netherlands (1 for 3)

  • Norway (2 for 4)

  • Israel (2 for 5)

  • Greece (3 for 6)

  • Estonia (4 for 7)

  • Switzerland (5 for 8)

  • Georgia (6 for 9)

  • Armenia (7 for 10)

Oh, and now they’re trotting out the Herreys. Cool.

Ultimately, 7 out of 10 isn’t bad but I am truly shocked that Israel and Latvia both qualified. Austria is incredibly dated, but speaks to a specific audience. I’m floored that Malta didn’t qualify (especially after Cyprus made it through on Tuesday) and after Sarah Bonnici gave one of the best performances this year. I wonder if it was a victim of the running order. Anyway, we have our songs for the Final and our running order. One of these 26 songs will be our next champion.

01 Sweden: Unforgettable

02 Ukraine: Teresa & Maria

03 Germany: Always on the Run

04 Luxembourg: Fighter

05 Netherlands: Europapa

06 Israel: Hurricane

07 Lithuania: Luktelk

08 Spain: ZORRA

09 Estonia: (Nendest) Narkootikumidest ei Tea Me (Küll) Midagi

10 Ireland: Doomsday Blue

11 Latvia: Hollow

12 Greece: ZARI

13 United Kingdom: Dizzy

14 Norway: Ulveham

15 Italy: La Noia

16 Serbia: Ramonda

17 Finland: No Rules!

18 Portugal: Grito

19 Armenia: Jako

20 Cyprus: Liar

21 Switzerland: The Code

22 Slovenia: Veronika

23 Croatia: Rim Tim Tagi Dim

24 Georgia: Firefighter

25 France: Mon Amour

26 Austria: We Will Rave

This running order is very telling. As a reminder, the producers dictate the running order (they have access to the semi-final results and the betting odds to help them do so). For starters, we think of songs performing between 09-12 and 17-23 as potential winners. Famously, no song has ever won from position #2. It speaks volumes that Ukraine, one of the top ten in the betting odds has been placed there by the producers. Even louder is the fact that it merely dropped from third to sixth in the odds. Ireland, Greece, the UK, Switzerland, and Croatia all remain in the top ten of the betting odds. Interestingly, Israel is now second in the betting odds, bumping Switzerland to third. I think Israel (and the Netherlands) is too early in the show to win. Alternatively, France (which is now up to fifth in the odds) is too late in the show to be taken seriously.

In light of this, the five songs I mentioned – Ireland, Greece, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, and Croatia – are the only ones who would appear to have a realistic shot at winning. Given the performances from tonight and Tuesday, I feel fairly confident in saying that Switzerland will most likely win. Making The Code only the second song to have a significant rap portion to win (after Ukraine 2017) and Nemo only the second (openly) gender-minority (Nemo is non-binary) performing artist of a winning song (after Dana International (Israel 1998) who is a transwoman). Ultimately, I think Switzerland will win the jury and come third in the televote, winning the Contest in similar fashion to how Loreen did last year.Swiss flag map


ESC 2024 First Semi-Final Live Notes

ESC 2024 Logo

Hello Dear Readers and Happy Eurovision!!

It is once again the best week of the year. Thanks to being back in a regular 9-5 job here in the US, I have to watch the semi-finals on a delay. But these notes are written as I am watching for the first time knowing nothing of the results. As a reminder, while I am familiar with all of the songs and their performing artists, I’ve only seen thirty second clips of their stagings – so that aspect will be completely new to me (unless they mirror their national final performance).

Going into the show, here are my predictions for qualifiers: (in no particular order)

Croatia, Portugal, Slovenia, Lithuania, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Ireland, Serbia, Luxembourg, Finland. For those who read Contender or Pretender, you know Ukraine is my winner pick for this year.

A few reminders, the Contest has reverted to 2009 rules with one exception – the semi-finals will be 100% televote (but there will be no jury wildcard) and the Grand Final will be 50/50. I’m not a fan of this change but prefer it to some of the other elements of the Melfestification the Contest has been undergoing the past ten years – namely, the introduction of pre-recorded vocals and producer-made running orders.

Oh – and Luxembourg returns to the ESC stage for the first time since 1993! Thirty-one years, let’s see how it does. Good luck to Tali and the Luxembourgish delegation! And to all the delegations!

Now on with the show!

Oh, a little preview of the postcards, cute.

Why are they opening with Fuego (Cyprus 2018)? This seems totally random. And now Popular (Sweden 2011) – at least this one is Swedish. So, are we honoring entries with hot (but not overly good) singers and strong choreography? At least Sweden knows where its money is made. Oh, and here’s SloMo (Spain 2022). So, that’s a yes to entries better known for their sexiness and dance moves instead of the singing or artistic quality of the song. I say this, but Spain was very much my winner pick in 2022 and I still maintain that it would have won in a normal year.

This is Petra Mede’s third time hosting (after 2013 and 2016). I like her, but I hate that almost every joke she makes is about the Contest being for gays only or is overly-bawdy. That’s a tirade I have made several times on this blog and do not feel the need to repeat here. Petra’s sidekick is nice.

01 Cyprus: Liar performed by Silia Kapsis

!!! I love this postcard – harking back to classic entries from Cyprus.

Love the use of the stage floor there! I cannot say that her voice is great tonight, but the choreography – the dancing and coordinated lights – is fantastic. The was incredible staging. Just incredible! If her vocals weren’t so shaky, I would say this was an easy qualifier.

02 Serbia: Ramonda performed by Teya Dora

Here we go…the big chorus…a little underwhelming. Maybe it gets stronger as it goes along? Ehh…that’s more than a bit disappointing, actually. It’s supposed to be this powerful, patriotic song and it was just kinda like…mid.

03 Lithuania: Luktelk performed by Silvester Belt

The only thing I do not like about these postcards is the emphasis on the artists. This is a song contest, not a talent show. The old entries should at least have the titles. And the postcards shouldn’t end with the artists’ names all big and bold.

One of my favorite songs this year and not just because Silvester Belt is adorable. Never a fan of having the artist’s face on the screen. Very much appreciate the fact that he’s using a live backing vocal instead of pre-recorded one. That was a lot more choreography than anticipated. Great – so far, the best on the night, I think.

04 Ireland: Doomsday Blue performed by Bambie Thug

Cannot say that I am too happy with occultism being allowed on the stage while overt Christian symbols are not. Otherwise, I see how this rose in the betting odds. Their vocal performance has improved considerably and the staging is absolutely perfect. Also – please note, while Bambie Thug is wearing a transflag, they are, indeed, non-binary.

And if you want to learn more about the Contest, check out my “Eurovision for Beginners” section.

AQ United Kingdom: Dizzy performed by Olly Alexander

Why do they have the auto-qualifiers in the middle of the show instead of during the Interval Act? Because SVT is silly.

Our second song in the top ten of the betting odds. Seeing this staging, I can definitely see how this rose in the betting odds. Definitely one of the more innovative stagings we’ve ever seen on the ESC stage. My friend (also a gay guy in his 30s) said that this was “the gayest thing he’s ever seen” – and I am inclined to agree. Just on the edge of tasteful and raunchy. Definitely not a winner, but a fantastic effort from a fantastic artist.

05 Ukraine: Teresa & Maria performed by alyona alyona & Jerry Heil

Love the white dress with armor that Jerry Heil is wearing. So far, everything about this is screaming winner. I love the choice to go with whites and silvers instead of the blacks of the national final. It adds a sense of hopefulness that was missing in the national final performance. Not sure they needed a giant Jerry Heil angel there, but sure. WOW. That ending imagery of the women lying there is utterly powerful. WOW.

06 Poland: The Tower performed by Luna

WHAT IS SHE WEARING?!?!?!?! Oh, good, it’s coming off. WHAT IS SHE WEARING?!?! Oh, and now she has a creepy dancing rook. And a blood horse. And now a second rook person. This is like…some chess-themed nightmare. And there’s another rook person. Positives…I like her nails and her boots. She mostly hit her big note.

07 Croatia: Rim Tim Tagi Dim performed by Baby Lasagna

The big betting odds favorite, retaking the top spot after rehearsals started. Love the farm animals on the backing screen. Man, he has just taken over this show. I need to seriously reconsider my beliefs about his winning possibilities. I wasn’t sure how this was going to translate to this giant stage and they truly nailed it! The staging. The performance. I think he may have just won this semi-final for Croatia.

08 Iceland: Scared of Heights performed by Hera Björk

Well-known among hardcore ESC fans, she was a mainstay backing vocalist throughout the late 2000s until finally representing Iceland in 2010. She’s generally well-loved and consider a major ESC diva. This song, despite all her efforts, is bland and pedestrian. She is the Queen of Backing Singers; very happy that she chose to put hers out front with her.

Another ad-break.

I do find this adding ESC songs to classic movies bit as very cute.

The stage is amazing!

AQ Germany: Always on the Run performed by Isaak

This is a great song that is getting absolutely no traction. Aside from the fact that larger guys generally get very little attention or love, the song is a bit dated, maybe 5-7 years too late. But Isaak is performing it wonderfully and I like this staging.

09 Slovenia: Veronika performed by Raiven

Whoa! That outfit is definitely pushing the limits. This song is apparently about the first woman executed for “being a witch” in Slovenia and claiming the power that comes with righting an injustice and empowering women everywhere. It’s certainly creepy and dark and mysterious. I don’t know. I just don’t know.

10 Finland: No Rules! performed by Windows95Man

This is every bit the televote-pandering nonsense I was expecting it to be. Ugh. Not a fan but it will likely sail through to the Final.

11 Moldova: In the Middle performed by Natalia Barbu

Natalia Barbu returns after 17 years (she representing Moldova with Fight back in 2007 – my first Contest!). I love her dress, but kinda wish she had the five clones as backing singers again like she did in the national final. The graphics on the screen are gorgeous, though! I’ve never understood the use of having wings on the screen if you don’t actually make them look like coming out of you. She sounded great, but, like Iceland, it’s just a bland song.

AQ Sweden: Unforgettable performed by Marcus & Martinus

Everyone’s favorite Norwegian twins. After living in Norway and mostly hearing their old stuff, it’s weird to hear them sing in English. But, oh man, no one can ever say that Sweden doesn’t put on a stunning stage show. Wowza! That might finish in the Top Ten on Saturday.

12 Azerbaijan: Özünlə Apar performed by Fahree feat. Ilkin Dovlatov

What’s up with all these Tron-inspired outfits tonight? He seems off-pitch, like, just flat (below where he’s supposed to be). The first major use of Azerbaijani on stage and it’s still not that much. I don’t know, this song is definitely being performed underwhelmingly. OH! The creepy figure’s hands have manifested themselves into reality. One can never count out the power of the Turkish diaspora, especially with Germany and Luxembourg voting tonight.

13 Australia: One Milkali (One Blood) performed by Electric Fields

Love the dress, hate the suit. I love the overwhelmingly Aboriginal motif of this staging. And their voices are good. But, all of this, does not take away the fact that the song is bland and uninteresting.

14 Portugal: Grito performed by Iolanda

I love this song but worried about how it would translate to the huge ESC stage. I think it has made the jump beautifully! It looks stunning. Iolanda sounds amazing. The stark contrast of the white and black, blinding light and pitch dark is awesome. This song should qualify, but I am not sure if it will.

15 Luxembourg: Fighter performed by TALI

The performance 31 years in the making. This is better than the studio version I’m used to listening to and way better than her national performance. If she had more than just Germany to support her tonight, I would say Luxembourg would be getting through. BUT no Belgium, no Netherlands, no France, no Switzerland…it’s going to be hard for this to get through without juries voting tonight.

Well then. How do I personally rate these 18 songs based ONLY on tonight?

18. Poland

17. Finland

16. Iceland

15. Moldova

14. Cyprus

13. Serbia

12. Slovenia

11. Azerbaijan

10. Luxembourg

9. Australia

8. Sweden

7. Lithuania

6. Germany

5. Ireland

4. Croatia

3. United Kingdom

2. Portugal

1. Ukraine

Hooray for Johnny Logan! Very classy for Sweden to honor Ireland – who beat them to seven wins (1970, 1980, 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1996) and were the first to have a two-time winning performer (Johnny Logan – 1980 and 1988). And very classy for Johnny Logan to perform Loreen’s first winning song Euphoria (Sweden 2012).

I quite enjoyed the “tribute” to dancing numbers at ESC.

Ohh, Benjamin Ingrosso. Nice! Would have been better if he at least did a bit of Dance You Off.

I am ready to hear the results.

So, who do I think will qualify? In no particular order:

  • Ireland

  • Slovenia

  • Portugal

  • Ukraine

  • Croatia

  • Cyprus

  • Azerbaijan

  • Serbia

  • Luxembourg

  • Finland

We’ll see how I do.

Finally, the results!

Serbia (1 out of 1 correct)

Portugal (2 for 2)

Slovenia (3 for 3)

Ukraine (4 for 4)

So far, no surprises

Lithuania (4 for 5)

Finland (5 for 6)

Cyprus (6 for 7)

Croatia (7 for 8)

Ireland (8 for 9)

Luxembourg (9 for 10)

No real surprises here. I wasn’t sure if Azerbaijan performance was strong enough to qualify but figured the Turkish diaspora would support it. 90% accuracy is pretty good though, and the one song I didn’t predict is one of my favorites this year, so I’m not complaining.

Overall, a great show! Looking forward to Thursday 🙂


Grand Final – ESC 2023 Live Notes

official logo for ESC 2023

Hello Dear Readers,

Finally, the Grand Final of 2023 is upon us! Kalush Orchestra right out the gate – nice! Maybe we’ll finally see the winner’s reprise back at its proper place – opening the Grand Final. Hey! Andrew Lloyd Weber (composer and performer for UK 2009). Joss Stone? Why, she’s not ESC-related. Nor is this rapper.

Love the visualization of being united by a song – even British Royalty! Oh, here they are. Hurray for winners reprises! And a new song. Good for them, haha.

And the parade of countries.

GoA! (Ukraine 2020, 2021 – this is the 2021 song)

Jamala! (Ukraine 2016 – winner)

Tina Karol! (Ukraine 2006)

Verka Serduchka (Ukraine 2007 – one of the most popular ESC songs ever)

Finally – decent dresses for the hosts!

One final hurrah for Ireland as sole possessor of the top spot of ESC winners. And the formal announcement of Luxembourg’s return!

Twenty minutes in and we finally get the first song.

As a reminder, I predicted to Sweden to win on the back of a jury victory and strong televote, with France third and Finland fourth. Czechia and Belgium round out my pre-Contest top five prediction.

01 Austria – Who the Hell is Edgar? performed by TEYA & SALENA

Better than Thursday but still not nearly as fun or lively as expected. A song that suffered from a well-produced studio version that is not capable live. I expect this will be the lowest performing top ten betting odds country.

02 Portugal – Ai Coração performed by MimiCat

This is just as great if not better than Tuesday. Here comes the big note: Perfect! She did everything she can. I think it would be a victory to finish hig her than 20th given its draw and what it’s up against.

03 Switzerland – Watergun performed by Remo Forrer

I’ve been saying for months that this song should be taken seriously just to forsake it now. I can’t see this being able to withstand being performed third. I expect this will be 20th or below. At most, repeat last year’s high jury, no televote

04 Poland – Solo performed by BLANKA

I understand the appeal of this song. And the studio version is good. But her live vocals just leave so much to be desired. And she’s still not a great dancer.

05 Serbia – Same Mi Se Spava performed by Luke Black

His vocals are definitely more than a bit shaky. But he’s found his legs. His only hope is a big televote which I am not sure he can pull off. Likely low teens.

06 France – Évidemment performed by La Zarra

My predicted runner-up. It’s catchy and she’s gorgeous and the song is captivating even if it is lazily staged. I think she’s waiting for the big note to really turn it up. This is still only, like, 90%. Big note was fantastic! But that’s not enough to win. Heck, I’m not convinced she did enough to finish in the top five.

07 Cyprus – Break a Broken Heart performed by Andrew Lambrou

He sounds so much better than on Thursday. Still not good enough to impact the final scoreboard, but good enough to hold his own and finish mid-table.

08 Spain – Eaea performed by Blanca Paloma

She sounds perfect. The light show is mesmerizing. I think they set out everything they accomplished with this, except living up to betting odds expectations. This is just too niche to do anything higher than 14th or 15th.

Hooray for Junior ESC!

09 Sweden – Tattoo performed by Loreen

So far, it still feels like she’s holding back. What’s crazy is that this doesn’t feel like max power Loreen, yet this song feels inevitable. Is she sick? I think the door has been left open, just ajar.

10 Albania – Duje performed by Albina & The Kelmendi Family

This remains a pleasant song that will likely get polite votes, but anything above 18th would be unexpected.

11 Italy – Due Vite performed by Marco Mengoni

I still don’t understand his outfit. This is, though, the first time I’ve thought this song was superior to his 2013 one. He’s definitely turned up his performance from Tuesday.

12 Estonia – Bridges performed by ALIKA

This is, once again, beautifully performed. If she sounded like this last night, then she definitely could have done real, serious damage with the juries. I am still thinking this finishes 10th or so.

13 Finland – Cha Cha Cha performed by Käärijä

Loreen left the door open for Finland to win. It needs a flawless performance to gain a dominant enough televote to overcome its jury (presumed) jury vote. I don’t know, I don’t think that was enough – especially with major televote threats Norway and Israel yet to come.

14 Czechia – My Sister’s Crown performed by Vesna

I don’t know. This seems less good than it was on Tuesday. I was excited and moved by this earlier this week. Now, it just feels kinda meh.

15 Australia – Promise performed by Voyager

This is a live only song. Studio – meh, but live – it just works outstandingly well! It makes me actually kind of like the song. I expect jury support plus a moderate televote leads this to be yet another Top Ten finish for the Aussies.

16 Belgium – Because of You performed by Gustaph

An ode to 40-something gay men, no wonder this song is doing well. Of the ESC fanbase, a third are gay men, most of whom are of the 40-something variety. Yeah, I think this speaks to a key demographic and will likely end up Top Ten, despite its problematic nature.

I would rather the Eurovision greats just sing their ESC songs.

17 Armenia – Future Lover performed by Brunette

I love this song and think she is putting on another flawless performance. Still don’t see where the points for this song come from, but it deserves what it gets and more. I don’t think the dance break was necessary at all, but it only minimally takes away from the song.

18. Moldova – Soarele şi Luna performed by Pasha Parfeni

He sounds much better than Tuesday. I still don’t care much for this song, but it’s hard to deny that Moldova is popular among televoters, generally, and there’s no reason to suspect that this will be any different.

19. Ukraine – Heart of Steel performed by TVORCHI

Oh, even branding in the postcard. Good for them. This is better than their Thursday but still not very good. While this is still going to get sympathy votes, it’s no where as good or as well-performed as Stefania. I think this may struggle to get Top Ten.

20. Norway – Queen of the Kings performed by Alessandra

One of only a few countries I think that can stop Finland’s winning of the televote. Let’s see if she hits the big note. She got it! I think she may have just knocked Finland off the top of the televote. That was flawlessly performed and she worked the camera quite well.

21. Germany – Blood & Glitter performed by Lord of the Lost

This is not as high energy as I anticipated. Still – it stands out, it was well-performed and many stronger songs are long forgotten by this point. I think I need to move it back in to my top ten prediction.

22. Lithuania – Stay performed by Monika Linkytė

Probably my favorite song still alive in the competition. I’m still shocked it qualified. I don’t think it’s strong enough to get a lot of votes over stronger ballads that are better sung (Italy, Estonia). It’s just so earnest and honest. I love it.

23. Israel – Unicorn performed by Noa Kirel

A crap song saved by a stunning performance. Let’s see if she’s able to replicate it tonight. No. I wanna hear the song, not see you dance, haha. That was good. I think a bigger stadium reaction than at home reaction. I don’t think it has a bigger impact than Finland, Norway, or Germany.

24. Slovenia – Carpe Diem performed by Joker Out

That was as good as it gets, I think. Still not going to sniff the top ten, but it was a great effort. I think it will be one of Slovenia’s stronger finishes in recent history (already guaranteed by qualifying, haha)

25. Croatia – Mama ŠČ! performed by Let 3

That was better than Tuesday but I still think it will surprise the hardcore fans who are assuming it can win. I feel like it will fall flat, like, bottom 5 flat. I’m just not sure people will get the joke.

26. United Kingdom – I Wrote a Song performed by Mae Muller

She sounds a lot better than she did on Thursday. The rapping is so unnecessary and bad. Oh – they changed the big note to make it a bit more achievable. The UK should be proud but I’m not sure that was enough to come up to it’s expectations (currently eighth in the betting odds).


Well, there you have it, 26 songs. One of which will be crowned the new winner. Based solely on tonight, what is my personal top ten?

10. Australia
9. Sweden
8. Portugal
7. Armenia
6. Slovenia
5. Norway
4. France
3. Estonia
2. Lithuania
1. Italy

But who do I predict will finish in the Top Ten?

I think this is surprisingly easy to an extent: Sweden, Finland, France, Australia, Germany, Norway, Italy, and Belgium.

The difficulty comes in predicting those last two. I think it should be at least one ballad, and I think, seriously, that goes between Lithuania and Estonia. I think, based on tonight’s performances, I still have to give the edge to Estonia. Lastly, I think the final spot comes down to a few captivating stagings and performances. Ultimately, despite myself, I think I have to guess that Israel did enough to make it into the top ten.

But, who do I think will win?

Sweden. I won’t mince my words. Sweden is by far the best whole package. I think it will easily win the jury vote and finish third in the televote. I don’t think either song finishing ahead of it in the televote (I would predict Finland and Norway) will finish top five in the jury. And I don’t think any major jury contender (Italy, Lithuania, France) will finish top five in the televote.


Sam Ryder’s song was nice. And it’s always nice to see a past host and other legends of the Contest.

I wonder how they chose who would sing what song. Mahmoud (Italy 2019 (2nd), Italy 2022) singing Imagine is an interesting choice. Again, I would much prefer these people to just do their own ESC songs. But I guess it’s traditional for the host city to highlight itself. Netta (Israel 2018 – winner) singing Dead or Alive seems right. Daði Freyr (Iceland 2020, 2021) with an army of backing dancers, haha. Nice to have him here since he couldn’t sing live in 2021 due to COVID striking his band. Cornelia Jakobs (Sweden 2022) is a talent that should have blown up after Eurovision last year. And here she is seeing the hit of a former Spice Girl. The runner-up in 1993 that has since become a major gay anthem among British gay men of a certain age (the same ones voting for Belgium). Duncan Laurence (Netherlands 2019 – winner) is another person who should have had a career post-ESC but didn’t really get it going on a major scale.

Again, save the performances for the interval act. Go back to having a 15 minute voting window and fill that time with goofy videos and bad jokes. Then do all the big performances after we cast votes for our favorite songs. Don’t try to wash them out of our minds.


My full prediction:

1. Sweden

2. France

3. Finland

4. Ukraine

5. Norway

6. Italy

7. Belgium

8. Australia

9. Israel

10. Germany

11. Slovenia

12. Poland

13. Czechia

14. Moldova

15. Croatia

16. Estonia

17. United Kingdom

18. Cyprus

19. Lithuania

20. Austria

21. Serbia

22. Armenia

23. Switzerland

24. Albania

25. Spain

26. Portugal


Okay! Time for the jury results!

49% jury/51% televote, fyi, thanks to the Rest of the World televote this year.

As tradition holds, the previous host (or, in this case, the defending champion) goes first.

Ukraine – 12 to Sweden! Only 4 to UK

Italy – look at that, 10 for Ukraine. 12 to Israel!

Latvia – 12 to Estonia, no surprise there

Netherlands – not gonna lie, I assumed it would be 12 for Belgium not Sweden

Malta – 12 to Sweden, no surprise, nothing for UK, though.

Moldova – 12 to Sweden. Okay, starting to look strong for Tattoo but the night is early.

Ireland – only 2 to UK! 12 to Sweden

San Marino – 12 to Italy, No. surprise. there.

Azerbaijan – 12 to Israel. Not gonna lie, Israel is doing better than expected

Austria – 12 to Italy! Zero to Germany

France – 12 to Israel, that’s quite unexpected! Usually juries don’t go for the dance songs.

Finland – 12 points…to Sweden. Norway is struggling!

Belgium – only 1 for France!!! And 12 to Austria!

Germany – 12 to Sweden!

Germany and Croatia are the only ones with out any points thus far

Portugal – 12 to Australia! The Aussies do well with the juries.

Croatia – 12 to Italy! only a few for “friends” Slovenia and Serbia

Estonia – 12 points to Sweden. In case didn’t notice, Finland has quietly snuck up to fourth

Armenia – 12 to Israel! Israel, biggest beneficiaries of Russia being gone, haha

Poland – 12 more to Israel

Romania – 7 points to Moldova, 12 to Italy!

This host does realize that Loreen was the winning performer in 2012, right? And it was a dominant win?

Iceland – 4, 7, 10 for Norway, Sweden, and Finland, respectively. Another 12 for Israel? Nope – Australia!

Serbia – 12 points to Slovenia! One of the few 12 pointers in Slovenian ESC history

Cyprus – who gets their 12 points without Greece being around? Sweden!

Norway – 12 points to…Finland! Perhaps Cha Cha Cha has a better chance than anticipated.

Switzerland – 12 for Czechia! Not what I would have guessed but good on them

Oh! Germany has been rescued from nil points land.

Australia – 12 for Belgium!

Denmark – a Danish 12-pointer to Sweden, like so many times before

Spain – 12 points to Sweden!

Israel – 12 to Sweden, which now has 277 points

Sweden – helps second place Italy get to 148…. 12 points to Finland

Georgia – always unpredictable…12 to Belgium!

Czechia – 12 to Ukraine! Glad they got something, haha

Slovenia – 12 to Italy, unsurprisingly

Greece – Only 4 to Cyprus?!! Hence the big reaction from the audience. 12 to Belgium!

Albania – Adds to Sweden’s lead with another 12

Lithuania – 12 points to Sweden (Italy gets blanked! as Israel moves to just one point behind)

Final jury votes…

United Kingdom – only 10 for Australia…so 12 for Sweden? Yep!

Sweden has DOMINATED the juries, 163 more than second place(!) Israel. And 190 points more than Finland.

Here comes the televotes!

Germany: I’m expecting a good sized televote. Let’s see…15 points! Yikes

Croatia – 112 points, not too much, actually. Europe did not get the joke.

Poland – 81 points, sounds about right, haha

Serbia – 16 points, oof.

The UK – 9 points! That seems harsh

Albania – 59 points, okay

Moldova – 76 points, a little low, actually

Slovenia – only 45 points, awwwww

Portugal – only 16 points, sadly

Norway – 216! Wowzas!

France – 50 points, oof!

Ukraine – 189 points

Switzerland – only 31 points

Cyprus – 58 points

Armenia – 53 points

Lithuania – 46 points, ouch

Czechia – 35 points. That’s the Czechia we know and are disappointed by

Spain – 5 points — I knew Europe wouldn’t get it.

Austria – 16 points, anther big betting odds favorite disappointed

Belgium – 55 points

Australia – 21 points

Estonia – 22 points

Finland – 376 points!!! That was to be expected given just how few points had been awarded thus far.

Italy – 174 points, not bad

Israel’s turn

Israel – 185 points!

Sweden needs 186 to tie, 187 to win

Sweden – ….has received….243 points

Sweden now ties Ireland for most wins at 7.
Loreen now becomes only the second performing artist to be the performer for two different winners (Johnny Logan, Ireland 1980, 1987 being the other). Loreen was the singer for Euphoria back in 2012 and now wins again with Tattoo.
And, I was 8/10 for predicting the Top Ten (Sweden, Finland, Israel, Italy, Norway, Ukraine, Belgium, Australia).

Sweden was the appointed winner the moment Tattoo was announced as participating in Melfest. Its odds narrowed and lengthened, but it was always number one. Now, as ESC approached, other countries stood up to challenge. Tonight, there’s hope but never opportunity for any one else to win. Sure, Finland won the televote, but Sweden’s dominance among the juries was massive – one of the largest leads to date. Congratulations to Sweden, to Loreen, and the songwriters, composers, and producers of Tattoo – the song and the staging.

Thank you, dear readers, for joining me for another Eurovision Week! Come back in the following days for further anaylsis.